Celiac Disease

 Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system reacts abnormally to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, it damages the small intestine, especially the tiny finger-like structures called villi, which are essential for nutrient absorption.

Over time, this damage can lead to malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, and multiple health problems.

Celiac disease occurs due to a combination of:

• Genetic factors (family history)
   
• Immune system reaction to gluten
   
• Certain environmental triggers such as infections or stress
   

Once developed, celiac disease is lifelong, but it can be effectively controlled with proper care.

Symptoms can vary from person to person and may appear at any age.

• Chronic diarrhea or constipation
   
• Abdominal pain and bloating
   
• Gas and indigestion
   
• Nausea or vomiting
   

• Fatigue and weakness
   
• Weight loss
   
• Iron-deficiency anemia
   
• Bone pain or osteoporosis
   
• Skin rashes (dermatitis herpetiformis)
   
• Delayed growth in children
   

 Some patients may have mild or no symptoms but still develop intestinal damage.

Doctors may recommend:

1. Blood tests to check specific antibodies
    
2. Upper endoscopy with biopsy of the small intestine
    
3. Genetic testing in selected cases
    

 Do not stop eating gluten before testing, as it may affect results.

Currently, the only effective treatment is a strict gluten-free diet for life.

• Wheat, barley, rye
   
• Bread, pasta, cakes, biscuits
   
• Processed foods containing hidden gluten
   

• Rice, corn, millet
   
• Fruits and vegetables
   
• Pulses and legumes
   
• Milk, eggs, meat, fish
   
• Certified gluten-free products
   

Untreated celiac disease may lead to:

• Severe malnutrition
   
• Osteoporosis
   
• Infertility
   
• Liver disorders
   
• Increased risk of intestinal lymphoma
   

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.

With proper guidance:

• Most patients lead a normal, healthy life
   
• Symptoms improve within weeks to months
   
• Regular follow-up with a doctor and dietitian is advised